Overview of US Criminal Justice System

Overview of US Criminal Justice SystemThe Ins and Outs of CorrectionsAs far as I can remember as a child, when I thought of the de arrayment of corrections system, I thought it was doing something bad and going to jail. I never gave thought to how things re eachy work. Little did I know that the process of corrections is comprised of different areas that spend a penny up a system known as the Criminal Justice System. The United States criminal justice system is do up of a network at the federal, state and local anaesthetic levels.Federal administration jurisdiction is limited to certain types of cases listed in the U.S. Constitution (Comparing). For the most part, federal court jurisdictions only hear cases in which the United States is a party, cases involving violations of the Constitution or federal law, crimes on federal land, and bankruptcy cases. Federal courts also hear cases of disputes between two or more states. While federal courts cope fewer cases than most state cou rts, the cases heard tend to be of neat importance and of great interest to the press and the public.State courts are also known as general jurisdiction (Comparing). They hear cases that are not selected for federal courts. 90% of all cases heard in the American court system happens at the state level. State court systems vary from state to state. Each state gets to make and infer its own laws as long as they do not violate the constitution and they are all a little different. Some examples of cases heard at the state level are state tax and law violations, real estate cases, custody and inheritance cases.Local courts are similar to state courts. They handle cases such as divorce, family courts, personal injury, minor drug violations and contract disputes.As with any mechanism, the criminal justice system involves the coordinated functioning of its distinct parts. It is made of three parts that process a case from inception, through trial to punishment. Throughout each stage of th e process, constitutional protections exist to ensure that the rights of the accused and convicted re respected.Law Enforcement is the first lot of the criminal justice system. It involves police officers, sheriffs, park rangers, federal agents, detectives and other agents that usually make first contact with criminals. These individuals are responsible for(p) for upholding the law, investigating crime and apprehending the individuals responsible for committing the crime. In this area is where criminals are read their Miranda rights. Cases are investigated, evidence is collected, witnesses are questioned and the cases are moved on to the courts.Courts make up the second component of the criminal justice system. The courts are a key piece of the puzzle known as the justice system. The courts are made up of judges, prosecutors, defense lawyers, bailiffs, jurors and court reporters. The individuals in the courts works to ensure an individuals rights are not violated and a fair trial takes place. Juries and judges play a part in sentencing individuals for crimes committed, but they must each follow guidelines established by state and federal statutes.The third component of criminal justice system is corrections. This component includes probation officers, parole officers and corrections officers. These individuals in the court component work together to ensure that a convicted offender serves his or her sentence as advised by the courts and supervises the convicts as they serve their sentence. Each of these three aspects of the criminal justice system is essential to the effective functioning of the larger system as a whole. some other key component of the criminal justice system that is constantly in the news are the prisons themselves. Prison transformation has been a big news subject area in Alabama lately. One thing that has been left out is the system that runs these prisons. Prisons are made up of faculty members with specific roles with the same goals. These goals are to declare oneself for the security of the community by incarcerating those who break the law promoting the smooth and effective functioning of the ecesis ensuring that incarceration is secure but humane and giving inmates the fortune to develop a positive lifestyle while incarcerated and to gain the personal and employment skills they need for a positive lifestyle after release (Schmalleger 2015).The prisons staff is very extensive. It doesnt consist of warden and officers. The staff are arranged into a hierarchy which consists ofWarden The chief executive, in charge of the prison, must adhere to programs created by the state and direct enormous discretion within their institution. Each institution will also have several associate wardens that preside over specific programs within an institution (Staff).Executive Assistant The Executive Assistant serves as the Wardens chief sycophant, and is also the only person other than the Warden who has authorization to sp eak with the media (Staff). incision Heads A Department Head will oversee the day-to-day operations. Individuals who hold the role of a Department Head will have much more in the carriage of direct interaction with inmates (Staff).Unit Managers In many ways, prisons are like communities. In the Bureau of Prisons, institutions hold anywhere from 100 to several thousand people. Administrators make use of a system they call Unit Management to keep a handle on operations. With the Unit Management system, administrators can more effectively keep track of all the people (Staff).These units are broken down into even smaller levels to includeProgram staff (psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors, nurses, medical aides, teachers, counselors, caseworkers and ministers) tutelary staff (majors, captains, lieutenants, sergeants, and correctional officers)Service and maintenance staff (kitchen workers, physical plant personnel and outside contractors)Volunteers (prison ministry, speakers, and other volunteers) (Schmalleger 2015).The American Criminal Justice system is very complex. It has a hierarchy of Court systems that trickles down to smaller systems that have their own hierarchy of systems also. Just like the justice system is made of components of federal, state and local courts, the prison system itself also has components. Every are of the justice system all work together with the same common goals to enforce the laws, maintain pink of my John and order in the communities and provide their constituencies safety and security.ReferencesComparing Federal State Courts. (n.d.). Retrieved February 09, 2017, from www.us.courts.govSchmalleger, F., PhD, Smykla, J. O., PhD. (2015). Corrections in the 21st Century (7th ed.). New York, NY McGraw Hill.Staff Hierarchy and administrative Remedy. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2017, from https//www.prisonprofessor.comState Court vs Federal Courts. (n.d.). Retrieved February 09, 2017, from www.judiciallearningcenter.orgThe Difference Between Federal Courts and State/Local Courts. (n.d.). Retrieved February 15, 2017, from www.civilrights.orgUnited States District Court. (n.d.). Retrieved February 09, 2017, from www.us.courts.gov

Corporate Social Responsibility And Recent Events Management Essay

Corporate Social province And Recent Events Management EssayHopkins (2003) defined Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as treating the stakeholders of the firm, ethic all(prenominal)y or in a answerable manner. According to Wan-Jan (2006) is the best working definition that best depicts the concept of CSR. This definition depicts CSR both as an ethical stance and as a business strategy. This also conforms to the argument that CSR should non put emphasis on getting rewards or payback. The definition does not emphasize that practicing CSR should have its rewards.CSR is very important in this era of globalisation. Globalization is generally seen but not exclusively, as an economic process (Sparrow, Brewster Harris 2004). The level and footprint of global economy change is quieten at its early stage, yet the pace of change of the economy is rapidly accelerating. This challenge is posed to transnational military personnel resource management professionals to be become more comple x and strong. Also, it has provided significant opportunities for fundamental laws in reconfiguring their strategies in their respective supply chains as well as the globalization of their production systems.This paper shall discuss how CSR is an important concern for both society and corporations. This shall also argue whether or not CSR is an effective means of corporations in bolstering their reputation and provide responses to pertinent issues. Sample cases will be presented in request to provide evidences for the menti stard points of discussion.Corporate Social ResponsibilityOn the recent events brought or so by the earthquake in Haiti, Motorola Foundation, a long with Motorola and its employees have donated cash and kind relief efforts to the victims of the said calamity. The foundation is the charitable and philanthropic division of Motorola. This organisation is responsible in fashioning strategic grants, pushes strong partnerships with the community, fostering of innov ation and engagement of stakeholders. This foundations focus its funding especially with the submit in education, science and technology, engineering and maths programming among others (CSR Digest 2010).The case of Motorola is one example that an organisation really paves way to have a separate division that foc engagements in CSR. Although as the comment of the foundation reflected that its funds atomic number 18 especially focused in education particularly in science and technology, which is mainly the nature of Motorolas business (CSR Digest 2010). some other evidence for Motorolas focus in technology and emergence is its col fagation on the reference design for phones that have Blue similarlyth technology (Portable Design 2004).Herbert and Schantz (2007) argued that incorporated activenesss of governments argon being subjected to more scrutiny than ever. in that location is an attempt to legitimize the maps of corporations and as seen in the corporate social right as a part of a framework, which is triple bottom. In the study that they have conducted, credence values such as corporate social responsibility and business ethics atomic number 18 still intangible. Thus, the corporate brand becomes a guarantee for the social values that atomic number 18 being communicated.Johnson (1958) considers that one of the most important changes that took place in the recent times of corporations is the development of a new role in the corporate citizenship with the corporation. The economic and social responsibility is hence being recognized.There are several criterion methods for CSR being implemented by different organizations. According to Sethi (1975), a structural framework to facilitate analysis of corporate social activities should have at to the lowest degree the following devil properties. First, categories for classifying corporate activities should be stable over time, which makes historical comparisons possible. Second, the definitions of var ious categories should be applicable across firms, industries, or even social systems, making comparative analysis possible.CSR has also been described as a tool to build good corporate reputation. Lewis (2003) found that public perception on the role of companies in society has changed significantly. In late 1970s, two-to-one of the British public agreed that the profits generated by hulking companies make things better for their customers. In early 2000s, two-to-one disagree. At the same time, 80% of the public believes that large companies have a moral duty to society. But 61% believes that companies do not really care ab come on(predicate) the environment and social responsibility. The dissonance between what the public expects firms to do and what they think the firms are actually doing is worrying. But Lewis argued that companies have a new basis to receive public trust with exercising their CSR. Lewis believes that CSR can become a competitive edge/core competence for th ose companies who can exploit it properly. Porter too echoed the same opinion (Porter, 2003) when he stated that todays companies ought to invest in CSR as part of their business strategy to become more competitive.The extent of social responsibility of corporations, it is anticipated that there will be an increase in the resonance of corporate citizenship. It is also associated in the in the participation of a wider polity and aspirations that are normative. In the fulfillment of such demands, it is required from the society to give strong pressures as well as from the corporate leaders in order to start out about a true separation of economic spheres and politics. This is an implication in the reverse mechanism of routine mobilization (Barley, 2006).Implementation of Effective CSR Report finished a Business PlanStrategic final causening is the organizations projection its destination in a certain period of time and how the organization will go there (Farrah et al 2001). It is a systematized envisionning process that involves a number of steps identifying the current status of the organization, including its mission, future vision, operating values, operational needs, goals, and prioritized actions and strategies, action casts and supervise plans. The most important concept of strategic prep understands that in order for an organization to succeed, every member should contribute in achieving it.Business development strategies are needed to achieve a sustainable development in an organization. There are seven steps in managing an organization according to sustainable development principles. These are performing a stakeholder analysis setting policies and objectives for sustainable development designing and executing an implementation plan development of a supportive corporate culture development of measures and standards of surgical operations preparation of progress reports and enhancement of internal monitoring processes.There are ways suggested in i mproving the strategic planning of organizations. There are five suggestions namely starting with the issues the right people should be brought together planning cycles should be adapted to the needs of each organizations strategic performance management system should be implemented and human resources should be integrated on the strategic plan.A CSR report will be created to evaluate all the economic viability of the company including the description and analysis of all the companys business prospects. It will define and focus the companys objective with the use of appropriate development and analysis. Also, the business plan can be used as a selling tool when dealing with important business relationships including investors, lenders and banks. The business plan can also describe omissions and weaknesses on the companys operating processes. Finally, the business plan can be used to solicit suggestions and opinions from people in relation with the business processes and operations .The contents of the business plan are the companys vision statement, the people, the companys business profile, economic assessment, cash flow assessment and the companys marketing and expansion plans.The companys vision statement should be concise and state the companys resolve and goals. The people portion should have the most important individuals in realizing the set goals of the organization. The business profile should define and describe the business and the specific plans in carrying out the set goals. The segmented market on which the business aims to target should also be included.The demand factors in a very effective business plan shall include a sound business concept, an identified and well understood market, a stable industry, capable management, a very able financial control, and a consistent business focus.Business plan implementation is a snappy stage in business planning. Execution of the developed strategies should focus on two levers more powerful than struc tural change. These are clarification of the decision rights, specifying who the owner of each decision is and who should be responsible in providing the inputs. Another lever is ensuring the information flows wherein it is needed.The most important levers in the most sure-fire strategy execution are the decision rights and information flow. In decision rights, every individual in the organisation should know which decisions and actions they are responsible for. Higher level managers and officers should know how to delegate operational decisions.In the flow of information, it should be ensured that important information in the competitive environment is quickly flowed in the corporate headquarters. In this way, the upper management can formulate quickly the best practices in the entire company. Also, the facilitation of information flow across organizational boundaries is very important. Lastly, managers and officers should help those field and line employees in understanding how t heir everyday choices affect the bottom line of the company.In a successful strategy execution, there are seven rules to follow. These are keeping everything simple challenging assumptions same language should be spoken in the organization resource deployments should be discussed early priorities should be identified performance should be monitored continuously and execution ability should be developed.The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) essential be the steward of all the strategies that define the organisation and what will it become. As the companys chief strategists, the CEO should translate the business purpose into practice. You must be have to the possibility that this purpose might change. You should everyday watch the strategy which is your greatest opportunity in establishment the company as well as to surround the competition.In the preparation phase of planning, the CEO should be the one determining the parameters you should be clear in mind the scope of the planning. You should also be the one to determine the composition of the strategic planning team. The selection of the planning facilitator should also be in your responsibilities. Finally, the CEO should also set the climate for the strategic planning process.In the creative process phase of the session, you should be the one to evening gownly open the activity. During the deliberation, it is your role to listen on what the team ahs to say and just remove two questions is that where we want to go? and are these the people who will get us there?. As the session ends, it is also your duty to formally soaked the strategic planning session.In the implementation phase, you will be the overseer of the approved discipline. You should regularly check the teams performance on the formulated action plans. When the action plans are completed, it is your role to recognize the success of the entire team and appreciate their efforts for a job well done.The SBU managers and other functional executives s hall perform very vital roles in the strategic planning process. The key roles include interpersonal roles which will serve as the plans figureheads, leaders and liaison officers informational roles which functions to monitor, disseminate information and serves as a spokesperson for the respective business units and decisional roles which serves as innovator, disturbance handler, allocates resources and negotiator.These managers will initiate and form the strategic planning process team. They will mobilize change through executive leadership. These strategies will be translated into operational terms which will be defined and executed by the SBU managers and functional executives. The formulated strategies will be reorient by these people into the goal of Lawrence Manufacturing. These officers shall motivate their people to make strategy everyones job. Finally, it is these peoples responsibility to monitor that the formulated strategy will be a perpetual process in the organizatio n.To evaluate the individual departments performance, each officer will be required to practice the balanced score card system in monitoring their respective areas developments. The balanced score card is a part of the strategic planning process.ConclusionIn an article written by Hagel, Brown, and Davison (2009) in Harvard Business Review, they have formulated ways in shaping strategies in this world that is constantly disrupted. According to this article, very few companies act proactively and adapt to operate their strategies. Strategists can attract a critical mass of participants by developing these strategies by means of opportunities are convincingly articulated to the participants standards and practices are defined so that participation are easy and affordable and the demonstration that the organizations have the conviction and resources for success and will not be in competition with the participants.In formulating a shaping strategy, the three elements should be considere d. The first element is the shaping view. In order to achieve this element, five factors should be considered the organizations view should express a long term direction and how it perceives change the organization should clearly identify attractive business opportunities opportunities should be seen as a broader economic, cultural, and technological force in the organization views should have a sufficiently high level of allowing unexpected developments and views should be aggressively and continually communicated within the organization.The second element of the strategy is a shaping platform. In order to achieve this component, there are five factors to be considered the platform should promise financial benefits especially by reducing costs and change magnitude revenue generation it should support a diverse set of participants and offering a values of opportunity platforms should scale up in accommodating large numbers of participants should likely generate increase in returns as the organization grows and the platforms functionality should continually evolve and providing the participants to regularly engage in it.The third component of a shaping strategy is the shapers acts and assets. In order to achieve this component, six factors should be considered shapers should be able to convince potential participants shapers should be able to gain access code to assets that will prove to participants the ability of sufficient resources potential participants should be able to be assured that there will be no competition aged(a) management and other members of the executive level should have the tolerance to risk and the patience in committing the assets and in taking the essential actions in being successful organizations should be capable of mobilizing and attracting enough number of participants and the organizations top management should have the enough personality to build a shaping platform.Many evidences have been observe and CSR has been perceived by many individuals as a social strand that is important for development. This is due in no small measure to the lack of formal study of the topic, despite the widespread debates it provokes. Moreover, it is a complex subject that currently lacks even a single broadly accepted definition.The field of comparative CSR, ultimately, addresses a research question of critical practical importance how best to structure global enterprise to import best practice in CSR in order to produce economic development that is consistent with raising labor standards and encouraging environmental protection? Strike, Gao and Bansal (2006) have produced empirical evidence that clearly states the challenge, by meritoriousness of their findings that international diversification of firms increases both CSR as well as corporate irresponsibility, given the difficulties of managing semi-autonomous subsidiaries in different countries. Other further comparative investigations are necessary in order to better und erstand the concept of CSR. Such research may provide an empirical and theoretical basis for developing policies to encourage CSR and for conceptualizing which kinds of pressures are likely to be effective in encouraging a positive relationship between international businesses and society. This is also important in gearing towards globalisation. ground on estimation of a disaggregated model, they report that there is a positive relation between firm performance (measured using market value added) and strategic CSR and a negative relation between altruistic CSR and firm performance.Analysis of the strategic implications of CSR is hampered by cross-country/cultural differences in the institutions that regulate market activity, including business, labor and social agencies. Institutional differences lead to different expectations and different returns to activity. For firms operating in multiple countries/cultures this complicates the process of determining which activities to engage i n and how much to invest. As the acquaintance base of CSR develops worldwide, we will be better able to analyze and advise on CSR.We are in the Globalization era. Globalization takes place when there is acceleration in the movement of people, products and ideas. Today, companies are more international than ever. According to the United Nations, there are more than 60,000 multinational companies (Mott, 2004). As a company becomes an international corporation, the criticism against it for damaging the world increases, as does the expectation that the company take responsibility for these damages. The notion of corporate social responsibility is an important tool for corporations to use in response to various concerns about them in the globalization era (Rampton, 2004). Corporations and public relations/advertising practitioners have tried to respond to the criticisms by conveyancing CSR messages that they are contributing to society in various ways, both locally and globally (Alfon so Sharma, 2005 Prabu, Kline, Dai, 2005).Under the post national constellation of an emerging global order, we need a fresh view on the role of business in society. In our contribution (Scherer Palazzo, 2007), we were critical that many CSR scholars have largely neglected the consequences of that tectonic shift and still build on the idea of an intact national regulatory power. We described the growing positive and negative impact of corporations on democratic institutions and their participation in global processes of governance with and without government as the politicization of the corporation, and we proposed a new concept of political CSR.We have been criticized by Edward and Willmott for dismissing the concept of corporate citizenship. They adduce several arguments in favor of that concept, which already includes concern in the advancement of corporations willingness and capacity in their participation in the public process (2007 1109). Finally, CSR should be discovere d at all times by all organizations if possible. This will not only create a good image but also turn to the responsibility that we all have towards our community.

Gringo by Sophie Treadwell :: Essays Papers

Gringo by Sophie Treadwell As a journalist in 1920 for the New York Herald Tribune, Sophie Treadwell was assigned to go to Mexico to follow the situation after the Mexican Revolution. (Mexican Revolution 1910-1917) She covered many important aspects of the Mexican Revolution during this time, including relations between the U.S. and Mexico. She was even permitted an interview with Pancho Villa in August 1921 at his headquarters. This interview and separate events that she experienced in Mexico are presumably what led her to write the play Gringo. In Gringo Treadwell tries to depict the stereotypical and prejudicial attitudes that Mexicans and Americans have about each other. there is a demonstration of how Mexican women are looked at in the Mexican culture and how they see themselves. The play also corresponds to similar events that occurred during the Mexican Revolution. Sophie Treadwell was born on October 3, 1885 in Stockton, California. She is known mostly as a pla ywright, that wrote in various other genres also. Her written works not only include plays, but also books and novels, fiction and non-fiction. Her journalism career was quite successful. Her commentaries and articles were always captivating to the public eye. Sophie frequently followed sensational stories in the news, some of which gained much acclaim, one be her interview with Pancho Villa. Gringo was written in 1922 and premiered on December 12, 1922. Gringo became a sensation on Broadway soon after it was written. This play has three acts that all take home plate in Mexico between the lives of Mexicans and Americans. The first act of Gringo takes place at a mine that is owned by an American named Don Juan Chivers. The mine is located in Mexico where Mr. Chivers discovers what he assumes is a new ore deposit. Mr. Chivers has a daughter named Besita (meaning The Little Kiss) who is half-Mexican by a Mexican mother. Besitas mother is not around. There are sev eral(prenominal) ironies found in the character of Mr. Chivers throughout this play. Mr. Chivers constantly talks down to the Mexican workers at the mine, on the other hand, he also show benignancy to them by taking care of a wounded mine worker. He demonstrates a sort of superiority about himself and the fact that he is an American.

Internet Applications In Business :: essays research papers fc

The Benefits of Businesses that use the Internet Almost all national retail organizations today have an Internet site where anyone can spatial relation an order. closely are even able to accept credit card payment for instant processing of your order. In fact, there are some companies that accept orders only if from the Internet.Office Depot has gone one step further than the competition they have included perks for their contract customers also. Specifically, they have linked the Web-site to their ES9000 mainframe enabling customers to perk up their own specific contract pricing. The closest any competitors have come is storing a customers shipping information. The result was $67 Million in sales last year. That doesnt come close to an Internet only retailer like Amazon.com, but it is a phenomenal success for Depots first year in the Internet market. Increased sales revenue is non the only benefit that this marketing plan has reaped. A new take aim of efficiency has also been reached.The leading benefit that has created such efficiency is the number of customer orders that Depot does not have to1.Take up more of a salespersons time on the phone.2.Take up an order-entry clerk.3.Waste time trying to understand precisely what the customer needs. (The customer can roam though our entire catalog of merchandise)Instead, the companys time can be spent on more important customer service issues. A salesperson can get out in the field to meet one-on-one with their customers. Order-entry clerks can spend more time making sure they tonality exactly what the customer wants. That covers the benefits to the company, but how about the customer. Are they benefiting as well?Customer feedback has been overwhelmingly positive. This is mainly true because Internet ordering is an additional service, not a replacement of service. Some customers in the past would complain that they couldnt speak to a Real Person when they needed to most. Now when they need to place an order, there is no need to speak to someone unless more clarification is required, and when it is, there are more Real People available to speak with. guild EmailThough some people think that the Email account that their company supplies them is private and confidential, it is actually neither. Most companies explain their Email policy in great detail, but one would have to look for it in their Employee Manual on their own. One of the main reasons why companies do this is to protect themselves legally.

Intellectual Property and Internet Piracy Essay -- Exploratory Essays

dexterous retention and earnings PiracyWith the emergence of the net, clever property faces a virgin dimension of crisis. Intellectual property has become an even more signifi coffin nailt issue because of that. According to World Intellectual Property Organization, Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind inventions, literary and dainty works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. (WIPO 2003) Works online are easy to be copied/reproduced or altered such as art work, software, and articles. Although buccaneering has existed for a long time, the Internet has made piracy never been easier with a click of mouse. In the following paragraphs will explore issues regarding piracy and ownership, solution to the crisis of intellectual property, and the paradox of invention of new technology.Intellectual property has become much more difficult to maintain because of the enormous capacity of the Internet which is mainly self-regulated and promotes f reedom of speech. Art works whether it is an image, a song, or a movie can be easily uploaded and transfered on the Internet. For example, MP3 files compress music files into a small file thereby allowing users to upload and download much more rapidly and effortlessly. Music-swapping not only not realizing music artists efforts and have caused the music constancy loose huge amount of record exchange and decrease their profits. Remember the infamous Napster lawsuit where Napster was being sued for its copyright infringement. Furthermore, not only software can be downloaded from the Internet, the registration codes can also be cracked down, therefore, people can use the software as long as they like kind of of using the trial version. People ... ...cyberlaw/archives/11_02_decoy.htm, consulted on November 24, 2003.* The Massachusetts Daily Collegian (2003). Today the solution to music piracy surfaces. Online at , consulted on November 24, 2003.* GameSpy Industries (2003). software product Piracy Report Part 1. Online at , consulted on November 10, 2003.* CCIPS (2003). Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) Protecting Intellectual Property Rights Copyrights, pilemarks and Trade Secrets. Online at , consulted on November 10, 2003.* CNN.com (2003). Napster shutdown seen as voltage boon for competitors. Online at , consulted on November 20, 2003. Intellectual Property and Internet Piracy Essay -- Exploratory Essays Intellectual Property and Internet PiracyWith the emergence of the Internet, intellectual property faces a new dimension of crisis. Intellectual property has become an even more significant issue because of that. According to World Intellectual Property Organization, Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. (WIPO 2003) Works online are easy to be copied/reproduced or altered such as art w ork, software, and articles. Although piracy has existed for a long time, the Internet has made piracy never been easier with a click of mouse. In the following paragraphs will explore issues regarding piracy and ownership, solution to the crisis of intellectual property, and the paradox of invention of new technology.Intellectual property has become much more difficult to maintain because of the enormous capacity of the Internet which is mainly self-regulated and promotes freedom of speech. Art works whether it is an image, a song, or a movie can be easily uploaded and downloaded on the Internet. For example, MP3 files compress music files into a small file thereby allowing users to upload and download much more rapidly and effortlessly. Music-swapping not only not realizing music artists efforts and have caused the music industry loose huge amount of record selling and decrease their profits. Remember the infamous Napster lawsuit where Napster was being sued for its copyrig ht infringement. Furthermore, not only software can be downloaded from the Internet, the registration codes can also be cracked down, therefore, people can use the software as long as they like instead of using the trial version. People ... ...cyberlaw/archives/11_02_decoy.htm, consulted on November 24, 2003.* The Massachusetts Daily Collegian (2003). Today the solution to music piracy surfaces. Online at , consulted on November 24, 2003.* GameSpy Industries (2003). Software Piracy Report Part 1. Online at , consulted on November 10, 2003.* CCIPS (2003). Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) Protecting Intellectual Property Rights Copyrights, Trademarks and Trade Secrets. Online at , consulted on November 10, 2003.* CNN.com (2003). Napster shutdown seen as potential boon for competitors. Online at , consulted on November 20, 2003.

Majority vs Minorities :: essays research papers

Majority vs MinoritiesThe absolute majority and the nonage bring forth change in policy in a republican society. Majority rule means that, if there were an over whelming amount of support on a issue their voices would be heard by the government. Our government is run on a majority rule. People in our society elect officials and put their faiths in them to make their choices. In a majority rule the basic concept of democracy is that the people ultimately rule. The Government passes laws that appear to be the deliberative will of the people. However, Government doesnt do everything the people wants. It takes in information absorbs it and comes with a solution for the majority. In order for the people to be heard they have to get out and recruit in the political process. It is our constitutional right to vote, speak and contri ande in the selection of our representative in a majority. The minority rights in a democratic society appear to even out with the majority rule in an unusual way. There are some incidents where the minority may have loss, but on the other hand won. For example, when Rosa Parks didnt give up her seat on that hot Alabama day, she stood up to the majority tyranny. The majority won by putting her in jail, however the minority prevailed by establishing the civil rights movements. There are many differences between majority rule and minority rights. One of the big differences between the two is majority tyranny. This is when the majority violates the rights of minoritys. When the majority thinks they are in the right they may happen to pass idea or abuse the minorities who opposes them. Majorities for a long time believed that political equality and political liberty doesnt belong to the minorities. Minorities believed they have the right to speak or participant in whatever function they believed in.

Foreign Aid Programs are a Great Investment :: Politics Political Essays

The unite States has proven again and again that foreign economic aid tail be a worthwhile venture. While donating less than matchless half of one percent of the federal budget towards economic and humanitarian assistance, the United States has been able-bodied to establish trading markets for the correspond as well as the future. Between 1990 and 1993 alone, U.S. exports to developing nations increased by $46 billion (Ten Questions Commonly Asked approximately U.S. Foreign Assistance Programs). This prominent change would not have happened if it were not for foreign assistance programs. Trade opportunities do not simply materialize, the groundwork must(prenominal) first be model in place. Through business code reforms, the strengthening of commercial banks, and the setting of reasonable tax and tariff standards, USAID helps to create an environs that will attract American investment and trade. Take for instance, the example of South Korea. During the 1960s and 70s, South Korea was one of the United States prime targets for foreign assistance. The U.S. now exports more than to South Korea in one year than was donated during both the 1960s and 70s. Because of this, the two have become extremely close allies, and are now two of the top hat trading partners in the arena (Ten Questions Commonly Asked About U.S. Foreign Assistance Programs).   Likewise, financially aided agricultural research in developing countries has resulted in millions of dollars of improved yields for U.S. farmers (USAID Research Helps U.S. Farmers ). By 1992, two-thirds of the United States rice acreage was planted in varieties acquired through agricultural research funded through foreign assistance programs. With this technology, the United States is now the worlds second leading(p) rice exporter ( plain Research). As another example, while in Latin America, USAID invested less than $5 million in the research of greenbug resistant hybrids. By 1989, economic gains to the U nited States had reached almost $400 million. Due to a recent breakthrough, U.S. foreign assistance research has lead to a rust free chaff crop. Kansas and Oklahoma alone are expected to save over $90 million in harvest costs (Agricultural Research ).   Furthermore, according to USAID at the International Development Conference on January 1995, 200,000 U.S. jobs were created through foreign aid programs. This was possible because USAID requires nearly all foreign aid be spent on U.S.Foreign Aid Programs are a Great Investment Politics Political EssaysThe United States has proven again and again that foreign aid can be a worthwhile venture. While donating less than one half of one percent of the federal budget towards economic and humanitarian assistance, the United States has been able to establish trading markets for the present as well as the future. Between 1990 and 1993 alone, U.S. exports to developing nations increased by $46 billion (Ten Questions Commonly Asked Abou t U.S. Foreign Assistance Programs). This dramatic change would not have happened if it were not for foreign assistance programs. Trade opportunities do not simply materialize, the groundwork must first be put in place. Through business code reforms, the strengthening of commercial banks, and the setting of reasonable tax and tariff standards, USAID helps to create an environment that will attract American investment and trade. Take for instance, the example of South Korea. During the 1960s and 70s, South Korea was one of the United States prime targets for foreign assistance. The U.S. now exports more to South Korea in one year than was donated during both the 1960s and 70s. Because of this, the two have become extremely close allies, and are now two of the best trading partners in the world (Ten Questions Commonly Asked About U.S. Foreign Assistance Programs).   Likewise, financially aided agricultural research in developing countries has resulted in millions of dollars of im proved yields for U.S. farmers (USAID Research Helps U.S. Farmers ). By 1992, two-thirds of the United States rice acreage was planted in varieties acquired through agricultural research funded through foreign assistance programs. With this technology, the United States is now the worlds second leading rice exporter (Agricultural Research). As another example, while in Latin America, USAID invested less than $5 million in the research of greenbug resistant hybrids. By 1989, economic gains to the United States had reached almost $400 million. Due to a recent breakthrough, U.S. foreign assistance research has lead to a rust free wheat crop. Kansas and Oklahoma alone are expected to save over $90 million in harvest costs (Agricultural Research ).   Furthermore, according to USAID at the International Development Conference on January 1995, 200,000 U.S. jobs were created through foreign aid programs. This was possible because USAID requires nearly all foreign aid be spent on U.S.